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                                <h1 id="&#x6253;&#x5F00;shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;">&#x6253;&#x5F00;Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;</h1>
<p>&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#xFF1A;&#x963F;&#x632F;</p>
<p>&#x90AE;&#x7BB1;&#xFF1A;tanzhenyugis@163.com</p>
<p>&#x535A;&#x5BA2;&#xFF1A;<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/theonegis/article/details/80089375" target="_blank">https://blog.csdn.net/theonegis/article/details/80089375</a></p>
<p>&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF1A;2018-05-25</p>
<p>&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#xFF1A;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x4E3A;&#x535A;&#x4E3B;&#x539F;&#x521B;&#x6587;&#x7AE0;&#xFF0C;&#x8F6C;&#x8F7D;&#x8BF7;&#x6CE8;&#x660E;&#x539F;&#x6587;&#x51FA;&#x5904;</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7B80;&#x4ECB;">Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7B80;&#x4ECB;</h2>
<p>Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x7F8E;&#x56FD;ESRI&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x5176;ArcGIS&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x63A8;&#x5E7F;&#x800C;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x666E;&#x904D;&#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x73B0;&#x5728;GIS&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6700;&#x4E3A;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x7684;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x79F0;Shapefile&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x5730;&#x7406;&#x8981;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x975E;&#x62D3;&#x6251;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x5730;&#xFF0C;Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;shp&#xFF0C;shx&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;dbf&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li>shp&#x4E3B;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x53D8;&#x957F;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x7EBF;&#xFF0C;&#x9762;&#x7B49;&#x591A;&#x79CD;&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;</li>
<li>shx&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5BF9;&#x4E3B;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#xFF08;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#xFF09;</li>
<li>dbf&#x8868;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;dBase&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8868;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8981;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4ECE;&#x5E95;&#x5C42;&#x5199;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x89E3;&#x6790;Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6839;&#x636E;shx&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;shp&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E76;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;dbf&#x8868;&#x683C;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x5230;&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E0A;&#x5C31;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x5BF9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x6790;.</p>
<p>&#x82F1;&#x6587;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x5B66;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#xFF1A;<a href="https://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdf" target="_blank">ESRI Shapefile Technical Desc</a></p>
<h2 id="gdal&#x4E2D;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;">GDAL&#x4E2D;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;</h2>
<p>GDAL&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6805;&#x683C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>OGRDataSource</code>&#x8868;&#x793A;(<code>OGRDataSoruce</code>&#x662F;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x7C7B;<code>GDALDataset</code>&#x7684;&#x5B50;&#x7C7B;)&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>OGRDataSource</code>&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;<code>OGRLayer</code>&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x56FE;&#x5C42;&#x4E2D;&#x53C8;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;<code>OGRFeature</code>&#x8981;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C; &#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8981;&#x7D20;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>OGRGeometry</code>&#x53CA;&#x5176;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#x7684;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;</p>
<p>GDAL&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x8981;&#x7D20;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x6309;&#x7167;OGC&#x7684;Simple Feature&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x5174;&#x8DA3;&#x7684;&#x7AE5;&#x978B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#xFF1A;<a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa" target="_blank">Simple Feature Access</a></p>
<h2 id="&#x4F7F;&#x7528;gdal&#x6253;&#x5F00;shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x4F7F;&#x7528;GDAL&#x6253;&#x5F00;Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x6253;&#x5F00;Shapefile&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x8981;&#x7D20;&#x53CA;&#x5176;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x3002; &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> osgeo <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> ogr
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> json

data = ogr.Open(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;USA_adm1.shp&apos;</span>)  <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;DataSource&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;</span>
layer = data.GetLayer(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)  <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF08;&#x591A;&#x6570;Shapefile&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;</span>

extent = layer.GetExtent()  <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x56FE;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x7406;&#x8303;&#x56F4;</span>
print(f<span class="hljs-string">&apos;the extent of the layer: {extent}&apos;</span>)

srs = layer.GetSpatialRef()
print(f<span class="hljs-string">&apos;the spatial reference system of the data: {srs.ExportToPrettyWkt()}&apos;</span>)

schema = []  <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x56FE;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;</span>
ldefn = layer.GetLayerDefn()
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> n <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(ldefn.GetFieldCount()):
    fdefn = ldefn.GetFieldDefn(n)
    schema.append(fdefn.name)
print(f<span class="hljs-string">&apos;the fields of this layer: {schema}&apos;</span>)

features = []  <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x56FE;&#x5C42;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;feature&#x8981;&#x7D20;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(layer.GetFeatureCount()):
    feature = layer.GetFeature(i)
    features.append(json.loads(feature.ExportToJson()))

print(f<span class="hljs-string">&apos;the first feature represented with JSON: {features[0]}&apos;</span>)
</code></pre>

                                
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